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Financial Risk Management





Financial Risk Management



http://www.slideshare.net/Gstheproud007/financial-risk-management-14211178




Footnotes
Financial risk management
  • 1. Financial Risk Management Gaurav Sharma https://www.facebook.com/Gstheproud007
  • 2.What is RiskThe probability that some event will cause an undesirable outcome on the financial healthof your business and/or other business/family goals 2
  • 3.Overall Categories of Risk Legal Risk Price Risk Financial Environmental Risk Risk 5 D’s Risk - DeathRelationship - Disability /Public Family Goals - Disagreement Relations & Objectives - Divorce Risk - Disaster Human Production Resource Risk s Risk
  • 4.How Does Financial RiskArise?  There are three main sources of financial risk:1. Financial risks arising from an organization’s exposure to changes in market prices, such as interest rates, exchange rates, and commodity prices2. Financial risks arising from the actions of, and transactions with, other organizations such as vendors, customers, and counterparties in derivatives transactions3. Financial risks resulting from internal actions or failures of the organization, particularly people, processes, and systems
  • 5.What Is Financial RiskManagement? Process to deal with the uncertainties resulting from financial markets. Involves assessing the financial risks facing an organization and developing management strategies consistent with internal priorities and policies Strategies for risk management often involve derivatives.
  • 6.The process of financial riskmanagement is an ongoing oneThe process can be summarized as follows: Identify and prioritize key financial risks. Determine an appropriate level of risk tolerance. Implement risk management strategy in accordance with policy. Measure, report, monitor, and refine as needed
  • 7.Diversification An important tool in managing financial risks Reduces the magnitude of loss if one issuer fails. Hedging: the business of seeking assets or events that offset, or have weak or negative correlation to, an organization’s financial exposures.
  • 8.Risk Management Process The process of financial risk management comprises strategies that enable an organization to manage the risks associated with financial markets. It involves and impacts many parts of an organization including treasury, sales, marketing, legal, tax, c ommodity, and corporate finance.
  • 9.The risk management process involves both internal and external analysis. This part of the process involves identifying and prioritizing the financial risks facing an organization and understanding their relevance. There are three broad alternatives for managing risk: 1. Do nothing and actively, or passively by default, accept all risks. 2. Hedge a portion of exposures by determining which exposures can and should be hedged. 3. Hedge all exposures possible
  • 10.Factors that Impact FinancialRates and Prices Financial rates and prices are affected by a number of factors. It is essential to understand the factors that impact markets because those factors, in turn, impact the potential risk of an organization.
  • 11.Interest Rates Interest rates are a key component in many market prices and an important economic barometer. Comprised of the real rate plus a component for expected inflation The value of rate-sensitive assets depends directly or indirectly on the interest rate (or the discount rate) used to present-value the cash flows. Interest rate risk is the risk arising from changes in the rate of interest of borrowed or invested (including lent) money.
  • 12.Factors that Affect InterestRates Expected levels of inflation General economic conditions Monetary policy and the stance of the central bank Foreign exchange market activity Foreign investor demand for debt securities Levels of sovereign debt outstanding Financial and political stability
  • 13.Yield Curve Graphical representation of yields for a range of terms to maturity. The yield curve provides useful information about the market’s expectations of future interest rates. The yield curve normally slopes upward with a positive slope, as lenders/investors demand higher rates from borrowers for longer lending terms.
  • 14.Theories of Interest RateDetermination Expectations theory suggests forward interest rates are representative of expected future interest rates. Liquidity theory suggests that investors will choose longer term maturities if they are provided with additional yield that compensates them for lack of liquidity
  • 15. Preferred habitat hypothesis suggests that investors who usually prefer one maturity horizon over another can be convinced to change maturity horizons given an appropriate premium. Market segmentation theory suggests that different investors have different investment horizons that arise from the nature of their business or as a result of investment restrictions.
  • 16.Factors that Affect ForeignExchange Rates Interest rate differentials net of expected inflation• Trading activity in other currencies• International capital and trade flows• International institutional investor sentiment• Financial and political stability• Monetary policy and the central bank• Domestic debt levels (e.g., debt-to-GDP ratio)• Economic fundamentals
  • 17.Key Drivers of Exchange RatesCapitalFlow
  • 18.Theories of Exchange RateDetermination Purchasing power parity The balance of payments The monetary approach The asset approach
  • 19.Factors that Affect CommodityPrices Supply and demand Speculation Expected levels of inflation, particularly for precious metals• Interest rates• Exchange rates• General economic conditions• Costs of production and ability to deliver to buyers• Availability of substitutes and shifts in taste and consumptionpatterns• Weather, particularly for agricultural commodities and energy• Political stability, particularly for energy and precious metals
凡事唯有投入,結果才能深入; 凡事唯有付出,結果才能傑出;
凡事唯有磨鍊,結果才能熟練; 凡事唯有不煩,結果才能不凡。
能與智者同行,你會不同凡響; 能與高人為伍,你能登上巔峰。
你雖不能改變環境,但卻可以轉換心境;你雖不能樣樣勝利,但卻可以事事盡力。
Dr. Chao Yuang Shiang (PH.D in management), Assistant professor,Dep.of Finance,Nanhua University,Taiwan.
website:amazon.com/author/drchao
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